Computer Software And Operating System

Software-:

• A software is a collection of a number of modules.
• A module is a collection of a number of programs.
• A programs is a collection of a number of instructions.
• Software is similar to as a soul in a human body.
• Without software computer hardware can’t be operated by human being.
• It is an intangible components of computer system

Need of Software-:

• To start / boot the Computer-: software is required to start the computer. (OperatingSystem)
• To make the hardware devices function-: software provide an interface to hardware devices.(DeviceDrivers)
• Computer Performance-: System tools are required to monitor computer performance,debug problem.To perform any specific task i.e. entertainment, documentation etc.

Types of Software-:

(1-) System Software:- 

• As the name suggest this is a software module which governs the functioning of overall computer system.
• Designed to control operation and extend processing capabilities of computer system.
• Without system software user cannot operate computer system easily.
• These software is developed by experienced programmers.
• It is costly.

Examples of System Software

• Operating Systems
• Programming Language Translator i.e. assembler, compiler and interpreter
• Utility Programs
• Communication Software

(2-)Application Software-:

• Designed to solve a specific problem or to perform specific task.
• Application software needs some system software to run.
• They are developed as per the need of the client or user.

Example of Application Software

• Word Processing Software: MSWord,WordPadetc.
• Spreadsheet Software: MS Excel,Lotus
• Customized Software: Banking Software,Library Management System.
• Presentation Software: MS PowerPoint, iWorkKeynote (Apple)
• Database Management System: Oracle, DB2, Mongo DB etc.
• Graphic Software: Corel Draw, Photoshop etc.

MS OFFICE is a software package

Operating Systems-:

• Operating System is a System Software.
• It acts as an interface between user and computer hardware.
• It provided basis to other application software to execute.
• Also known as Resource Manager.
• It provides Processor Management, I/O Management, Memory Management as well as File Management.

Ex:Windows10, XP ,Linux, UNIX, Macintosh, MSDOS etc

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Classification of OS-:

On the basis of User Interface:-

• GUI-: Graphical User Interface
• CLI-: Command Line Interpreter

On the basis of capabilities:-

• Multiprogramming
• Multitasking
• Multiprocessing
• Real Time Operating System

Programming Language Translator-:

• Assembler-: Converts assembly language into machine language.
• Compiler-: Converts High-Level Language into Machine Language at once.
• Interpreter-: Converts High-Level Language into Machine Language line by line.

Utility Programs-:

These are the software which are developed to manage  / maintain and to provide long life to the computer system.

Example:-

• Antivirus
• Disk-Cleanup
• Disk-Defragmentation
• Compression Program

Firmware-:

• Software available on ROM chip are know as Firmware.
• Embedded Systems consist of firmware.